Mind the Theoretical Gap: Interpreting, Using, and Developing Behavioral Theory in HCI Research
這些心理學的提出的理論代表什麼意思，有這麼多理論可能都有陷阱，即使我們用理論很小心，但還是有些偏見。理論是用來做什麼的，理論有各式各樣的用法，不要只是用top-down的方式解釋
- Constructs: the conceptual building blocks of a theory
- Variables: operational definitions of constructs
- Design guideline
Theory on HCI
- Inform Design
- Guide Evaluation Strategies
- Select Target Users
Pitfalls when using theory
- Ignoring the broader context
- Picking and choosing some of the theory
- Treating design guidelines as fact
- Confirmation bias if evaluation criteria are picked a posteriori
- Type III error — not actually testing the intended hypothesis because of poor study design
Contributions of HCI to theory
- Improve measurement — evaluate more frequently
- Enhance early-stage theoretical fidelity testing
- Big Data and A/B Testing
Choice Architecture
人在做選擇時是不理性的。要創造一個環境讓使用者趨向要他們選的選項。
Nudges (推理）
- Incentives
誰要做選擇？誰要付錢？誰得到獲利？
人們有認知到他們獲得的獎勵嗎？
- Understand Mappings
the relationship between a given choice and how it impacts your welfare
- Defaults
People have a tendency to do nothing, especially if the default suggests a normal or recommended action.
- Give Feedback
Tell people when they are doing well and when they are not doing well.
- Expect Error
1.Post-completion error
2.Forcing function
- Structure complex choices
- Elimination by aspect
- Organize options in ways that make sense for choice
Thorny Issues
When is a nudge not a nudge?
Influencing behavior change on automatic vs rational systems
